Tips to Take Care Our Digestive System

So! you guys already know what are the bad effects if you are not taking care of your digestive system in our previous post right? But, we will not let it hang without any solution. Here we go some tips for you to have a healthy digestive system. Now, are you ready to explore more knowledge? COME ON !!!!

1. EAT A HIGH-FIBER DIET

Consuming a diet that is high in fiber such as vegetables, legumes, and fruits can improve your digestive health and help to keep food moving through your digestive tract.

2. GET INSOLUBLE AND SOLUBLE FIBER

These types of fibers have their own functions on our digestive system. the insoluble fiber a.k.a roughage, cannot be digested by the body and therefore helps add bulk to the stools. while the soluble fiber draws in water and can help prevent stools that are too watery.

3. LIMIT FOODS THAT ARE HIGH IN FAT

In general, fatty food tend to slow down your digestive process making you more prone to constipation. we know that fat is not always bad since it is the source of your energy day by day BUT REMEMBER, do take it in a small amount otherwise it could affect your healthy digestive system.

4. CHOOSE LEAN MEATS

Protein is one of the most important part for the healthful diet but not all meats can be categorized as healthy. do select the meats without skin of fat such as fish, chicken breast, and try to avoid red meat.

5. INCORPORATE PROBIOTICS INTO YOUR DIET

Probiotics are the healthy bacteria naturally present in your digestive tract which can enhance nutrient absorption, help to break down lactose, strengthen your immune system, and help to treat bowel syndrome. if you are still wondering what is the best probiotics, there are a lot in the local supermarket such as Yakult, Vitagen or other yogurt-base products which rich in good bacteria.

6. EAT ON SCHEDULE

Consuming your meals and snacks on a regular schedule can help your digestive system in a top shape. aim to take a breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks around the same time everyday.

7. STAY HYDRATED

If you take frequent water, it will help dissolve fats and soluble fiber, allowing these substances to pass through more easily.

8. SKIP THE BAD HABITS: SMOCKING AND AVOID EXCESSIVE CAFFEINE AND ALCOHOL

Liquor, coffee, and cigarettes can interfere with the functioning of your digestive system and lead to problems like stomach ulcers and heartburn.

9. EXERCISE REGULARLY

Regular exercise helps keep foods moving through your digestive system and will reduce constipation. furthermore, it is also can help you to maintain a healthy weight which good for your digestive health.

10. MANAGE STRESS

Too much stress or anxiety can cause your digestive system to go into overdrive. find the stress-reducing activities that you enjoy and practice them on a regular basis.

How was it? easy right?

 

 

 

Disease of Digestive System

Medication....Surgery....Treatment.....Prevention..... Wait, did i mention PREVENTION? #thundersound Oh yes, please keep in mind that Prevention is Better Than Cure. However, not all of us here are really care enough about our digestive system. We just ate what we want and did not even supplied enough necessity for our GIT. how sad, isn' it? fair enough, due to lack of taking care of our GIT, it may leads to several diseases. Here are the list of diseases of digestive system.

1. Gastritis
- occurs when the lining of the stomach become inflammed.

Causes?

• excessive use of alcohol
• pylori infection
• medication such as Aspirin & Prednisolone
• autoimmune diseases
• people who are critically ill

Symptoms?

• Indigestion (pain associated with difficulty in food digestion)
• Burning stomach pain
• Nausea (urge to vomit) and vomiting
• Chronic stage cause bleeding which can be detected in dark

How it can be diagnosed?

• Stool Test – to check the bleeding from stomach
• Endoscopy – a tube is inserted through nouth until stomach to see the inflammation
• X-Ray – barium solution given to make ulcer more visible during x-ray

Treatment !

• Antibiotics- to kill bacteria
• Omeprazole- decrease acid production
• Ranitidine- reduce pain

2. GERD- Gastroesopharyngeal Reflux Disease

-Is a condition where acid back flow into oesophagus from stomach

Causes?

• Lower esophageal sphincter a circular muscle around lower part of oesophagus.
• Function to let food and water into the stomach and close back.
• When the sphincter weakens the acid in stomach flow back into oesophagus.
• Cause irritation of the lining of oesophagus.

Symptoms?

• heartburn
• difficulty swallowing
• sore throat 
• regurgitation of food or sour liquid

Diagnostic Test

1. Upper endoscopy

• Doctor will insert a scope to look inside the oesophagus and stomach.

2. Ambulatory acid probe test

• A device used to measure for 24 hours. A thin flexible tube inserted into oesophagus.

Treatments !

• Magnesium trisilicate (MMT) given for quick relief.
• Ranitidine given to decrease acid production in the stomach.
• Surgery to reinforce lower oesophageal sphincter.

3. Appendicitis

- inflammation of the appendix.

Sign & Symptom? 

• Pain at the right side of lower abdomen.

• Nausea and vomiting 

• Loss of appetite

• Fever

• Abdominal swelling

Diagnostic Test

1. White blood cell count

2. Urine test

3. Physical examination

Treatment !

• Appendectomy  -Removal of appendix

4. Haemorrhoids/ Piles

- Swollen blood vessels around or in anus and rectum

Causes?

• Straining during bowel movement
• Constipation
• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Anal intercourse

Symptoms?

• Painless bledding during bowel movement
• Irritation at anal region
• Pain
• Swelling around anus

Diagnostic Test

• Rectum examination
• Proctoscope

Treatment !

• Suppositories
• Painkillers
• Corticosteroid cream
• Laxative

Thank you for your great attention ! we felt so appreciated. hihi. BUT stay tune for our next post ! we have prepared something special for you regarding TIPS for a healthy digestive system ! Bye

Defecation Process

Hye everyone ! how are you guys doing? sorry for the late late update. we were so busy managing our faculty's event which has ended today ! Alhamdulillah.... so today we will continue with another interesting topic like what has been stated in the post title. hey, it is not gross at all okay! (well maybe its kinda gross a little bit) BUT, don't you feel how interesting it could be? how all the foods you consume being excreted from your body through defecation? so, let us go details on the process....(don't imagine something else peeps)

Defecation also called bowel movement, the act of eliminating solid or semisolid waste materials (feces) from the digestive tract. In human beings, wastes are usually removed once or twice daily, but the frequency can vary from several times daily to three times weekly and remain within normal limits. Muscular contractions (peristaltic waves) in the walls of the colon move fecal material through the digestive tract to the rectum.

The structures that involved in defecation process are:

- Faeces formed in the rectum ( final segment of the large intestine)

- During defecation, faeces pass through anal canal to the anus:

• The anal canal is the final part of the rectum (2-3 cm to 1 inch long in adult).

- The internal sphincter muscle, a smooth muscle which is under involuntary control. It is      a thickened continuation of the circular muscle of the colon. It relaxes as a reflex                    response to distension of the distal rectum.

-       The external sphincter muscle, a skeletal muscle which is under voluntary control.

• These sphincter closed except during defecation (elimination of feces from the body)  

-the anus is the opening of the anal canal to the exterior of the body.

The cycle of defecation process can be described in terms of action from the digestive system, muscular system, cardiovascular aspects and the nervous system.

1.    When the external sphincter muscle is voluntarily relaxed for defecation, an increase in intra-abdominal pressure helps to expel feces from the body:

a.    With an intake of breath, the epiglottis (trapdoor in your throat, the opening between the vocal cords) closes over the trachea (windpipe, wide and hollow tube that connects the larynx or voice box).

b.    Voluntary contractions of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles also aid defecation by increasing the pressure within the abdomen and, in turn, increasing pressure on the walls of the sigmoid colon (part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus)

c.    Finally pelvic floor muscles relax. The rectum is straightened. Feces are expelled from the anus.  

SO FAR SO GOOD? we will proceed with the next info. please bear with us. 

What muscle are used to defecate?

Defecation is normally assisted by taking a deep breath and trying to expel this air against a closed glottis (Valsalva maneuver). This contraction of expiratory chest muscles, diaphragm, abdominal wall muscles, and pelvic diaphragm exerts pressure on the digestive tract.

Where is the poop stored in your body?

This area allows food to pass from the small intestine to the large intestine. The colon is where fluids and salts are absorbed and extends from the cecum to the rectum. The last part of the large intestine is the rectum, which is where faeces (waste material) is stored before leaving the body through the anus.

What is the muscles that push poop out?

The rectum shortens as material is forced into the anal canal and peristaltic waves push the feces out of the rectum. The internal and external anal sphincters along with the puborectalis muscle allow the feces to be passed by muscles pulling the anus up over the exiting feces.

this image shows the summary of the defecation event.

Absorbtion Process

test test check 1 2 3. are you guys there? still following us? if you do, leave some comments people! we don't want to do all the talk. we need two ways communication guys.......for those who have comments in our previous posts, we thanked you so much! for those who not, we still love you!

so our previous post is about digestion process right? what an interesting topic! (for us at least)  don't you guys agree that our digestive system is the best? just imagine how they work to breakdown all the foods we ate into small small molecules and ABSORBS all the nutrients they could obtain from the foods. wait a minute, did i mention absorbs? but from where to where? how it happened? why and why? (okay, we think we are being to dramatic here) 

well today we are going to share about the ABSORBTIONS PROCESS

Absorption is the movement of molecules across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract into the circulatory system.

Most of the end-products of digestion, along with vitamins, minerals, and water, are absorbed in the small intestinal lumen by four mechanisms for absorption:

(1) active transport (requires energy)

(2) passive diffusion

(3) endocytosis

(4) facilitative diffusion

KEEPS YOURSELF TOGETHER, NO YAWNING IS ALLOWED.

Nutrient absorption is efficient because the GI tract is folded with several surfaces for absorption and these surfaces are lined with villi (hair-like projections) and microvilli cells. Efficient absorption can be compromised due to lactose intolerance.

Lactose intolerance is not uncommon in the world, affecting about 25 percent of the U.S. population and 75 percent of the worldwide population. It is usually due to the lack or absence of the enzyme lactase, which breaks down milk sugar. Lactose intolerance is not a food allergy. Food allergies are serious, even life threatening, but most people with lactose intolerance can digest small amounts of milk, especially in yogurt and cheese.

Protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and most vitamin absorption occur in the small intestine. Once proteins are broken down by proteases they are absorbed as dipeptides, tripeptides, and individual amino acids. Carbohydrates, including both sugar and starch molecules, are broken down by enzymes in the intestine to disaccharides called sucrose, lactose, and maltose, and then finally into the end-products known as glucose, fructose, and galactose, which are absorbed mostly by active transport. Lipase, an enzyme in the pancreas and the small intestine, and bile from the liver, break down lipids into fatty acids and monglycerides; these end-products then are absorbed through villi cells as triglycerides.

Alcohol is not a nutrient, but 80 percent of consumed alcohol is absorbed in the small intestine. The other 20 percent is absorbed into the stomach. Alcohol is absorbed by simple diffusion, which explains why gastric ulcers(sore that inside of the stomach lining or the upper part of the small intestine) are not uncommon in people who drink excessively.

ENOUGH for today. we afraid if we continue, you guys might thrown up. and its not good for your digestive system. LOL. stay tune for our upcoming post okay? 

DIGESTION PROCESS

FIRST OF ALL. Are you guys one of the food lovers out there? or food 'hunters' who loves to use #foodporn (if yes, give me 10 then) as the main hashtag in your instagram? did you know what will happen after that? did you know what happened to the oh-so-beautiful-decoration-of-food that you that you posted  once it's entered you mouth? did you know that your body system loves you very much and they didn't stopped working just because they want you to be healthy? and the most important is, did you know those tasty deserts will become the most disgusting thing when it came out from your body? *of course you know about it. what happened to me LoL?*

Okay...... oh sorry, before that, how are you guys been these few days? any improvement of knowledge regarding your digestive system? because today we we will talk about the most important 'thing' which is your DIGESTION PROCESS itself. basically, people always misunderstood the digestive system is only happened inside our stomach then goes to the anus and boommm *I don't want to mention it*. Now, let me clarify what actually the digestion process is all about.

DIGESTIVE ORGANS

1. MOUTH
- food begins its journey
- composed of many accessory organs:

• teeth - cut the food
• tongue - have taste buds to taste the food
• salivary glands - 3 types ( parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland), produce saliva to moisten and lubricate the food

2. PHARYNX

- funnel shaped connect the front and back of the mouth

- responsible for passing off chewed food from mouth to esophagus

3. ESOPHAGUS

- muscular tube connect pharynx and stomach

- carries chewed food

4. STOMACH

- storage tank for food so that the body has time to digest large meals

5. SMALL INTESTINE

- 3 parts (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)

- coiled like hose and inside full of many ridges & fold which used to maximize the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients

- 90% of all nutrients have been extracted from the food that entered it

6. LIVER

- produce bile

7. GALLBLADDER

- store and recycle excess bile from small intestine so that it can be reused for the digestion of subsequent meals

8. PANCREAS

- secrete digestive enzyme

9. LARGE INTESTINE

- 5 parts ( cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, anus)

- absorb water and contains many bacteria to breakdown the wastes to extract some small amount of nutrients

DIGESTION PROCESS

Digestion process occur in term of mechanical and chemical processes which is the breakdown of ingested food into small small small pieces by the bile that been secreted from the liver.

Mechanical digestion is when the teeth cut the food before swallowed, and the smooth muscle of the stomach and small intestine mix the food, as a result, the small pieces of the food dissolved and thoroughly mixed with the digestive enzymes.

While for the chemical digestion, the large carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fat), and nucleic acids molecules in food are split into smaller molecules by hydrolysis (process breakdown of chemical compound by water).

that's all. easy right? and thanks for spending your time with us. *waving*

Swallowing Process

   
Hello there! So today I will explain briefly about swallowing process or in medical term, it is called deglutition.

Deglutition is the process which body makes something to pass from mouth to pharynx and then into esophagus. In order for food bolus passing though the GI tract, peristalsis is needed for a proper digestion.

WHAT IS PERISTALSIS ? 

Peristalsis is the involuntary (automatic) constriction and relaxation of muscles of GI tract. 

Our body undergo 4 stages during swallowing process which are : 

1. Oral Preparatory Stage 
2. Oral Stage 
3. Pharyngeal Stage 
4. Esophageal Stage 

Now, I will explain precisely about each of these stages. 

• During Oral Preparatory Stage, food is chewed, mixed with saliva and formed into bolus. 
• Next is Oral Stage. During this stage food is moved back through the mouth with front-to-back squeezing action, performed primarily by tongue.
• Third stage is Pharyngeal Stage. This stage begins with pharyngeal swallowing response which are: 

      - Food enters the upper throat area (above voice box) 

      - Soft palate elevates 

      - Epiglottis closes off the trachea, as the tongue moves               backwards and pharyngeal wall  moves forward.

•   These actions help to force food(bolus) downward to esophagus. 
• Lastly is the Esophageal Stage. During this stage, food bolus enters the esophagus. The food bolus is moved to stomach by squeezing action of throat muscles. 

That's all for today. Hope this sharing will benefits you 😉😉

Muscles of mastication process

  So here the second post for GIT learning. Today I will explain briefly about the chewing process or also known as mastication process. 

 The most important thing for mastication process is the muscles. So here I will point out the major muscles that help to carry out the mastication process. 

 Before that, do you know what exactly mastication means? 

 Mastication or chewing is the process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth. It is the first step of digestion and it increases the surface area of foods to allow more efficient break down by enzymes

 The primary muscles been used during mastication are :

• Masseter muscle 
• Temporalis muscle 
• Lateral pterygoid 
• Medial pterygoid 

Photos below show the specific location of these primary muscle 

Besides the primary muscles, there are several muscles that help the primary muscles in mastication process. The muscles are : 

• Geniohyoid muscle
• Genioglossus muscle
• Stylohyoid muscle
• Styloglossus muscle
• Hyoglossus muscle 
• Thyrohyoid 

That's all for today. See you next post 😉